Rav Klonimus Kalman HaLevi Epstein of Cracow
A leading talmid of Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk and head of the Cracow community, remembered as the author of Maor VaShemesh.
Biography
Early years
Rav Klonimus Kalman HaLevi Epstein zy"a, known as the Maor VaShemesh (“Light and Sun”) after his Chassidic work on the Torah, was born in Poland in 1751, the son of Rav Aharon Epstein. It is told that as a small child he hid under the tallis of Rav Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev to watch the Rebbe daven, and the holy conduct of the tzaddik made a deep impression that stayed with him.
As he grew he became a talmid of Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk, and he came to be counted among the most celebrated of Rav Elimelech's followers. He also followed the great Chassidic Rebbes Rav Yechiel Michel of Zlotchov, the Chozeh of Lublin and Rav Menachem Mendel of Rymanov.
Torah and leadership
Rav Klonimus Kalman wrote of his Rebbe, “The world was desolate until the two great luminaries appeared on the scene: the Baal Shem Tov and Rav Elimelech. They opened the gate to Hashem for the righteous to enter.” His devotion was so great that he once lay stretched out on Rav Elimelech's kever and remained there motionless for hours in deep concentration.
It is told that while he was with Rav Elimelech he merited to see Avrohom Avinu, and for Rav Elimelech this was a sign that he should begin to lead a community. In 1785 he began to head the Jewish community of Cracow. He met strong opposition, but even those who opposed him recognized his greatness and his righteousness.
The Chozeh of Lublin said that Rav Klonimus Kalman was a reincarnation of the Tanna Rabbi Eliezer ben Charsom, who served as a Kohen Gadol in the days of the Second Temple. He was well versed in the Zohar, and he encouraged everyone to learn Mishnayos, Gemara and Zohar before davening.
Teachings and seforim
His sefer Maor VaShemesh, published by his son Rav Aharon Epstein, offers deep Chassidic insights woven together with Kabbalistic ideas, arranged according to the weekly parshiyos. It is recognized as one of the most important works of Chassidic thought and is accepted universally.
Later years and passing
Rav Klonimus Kalman passed away in Cracow on 1 Tammuz 5583 (1823). He was succeeded by his son, Rav Aharon Epstein, who was also an eminent scholar.
Stories
This One Is Mine
It is told that when Rav Klonimus Kalman was a small boy, Rav Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev came to visit his town. As children do, the boy slipped under the tallis of the Berditchever to see what the Rebbe was doing as he davened. The way the tzaddik prayed left such a mark on him that from then on a holy fire burned within him.
Years later, when Rav Klonimus Kalman had grown up and become a well-known talmid of Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk, Rav Elimelech once met the Berditchever while the talmid was with him. Rav Elimelech was proud to have such a holy and distinguished person among his students. The Berditchever looked carefully at the author of Maor VaShemesh and recognized in his face the boy of long ago.
“No, no,” he said to Rav Elimelech, “this one is mine. When he was five years old and hid under my tallis, the holiness already left its mark on him, until he reached the level he has now.”
Almost With the Rebbe
Rav Aharon of Cracow, the son of the Maor VaShemesh, told of a visit he made with his father to the tziyun of Rav Elimelech in Lizhensk. Rav Klonimus Kalman asked his family and followers to let him enter the building over the Rebbe's grave alone, and that no one should come in while he was there. They agreed, and he went in by himself and closed the door from inside, while Rav Aharon and the others waited outside.
He stayed inside for a very long time, much longer than was his custom, and his family grew worried that something had happened. They broke down the door and found him lying stretched out on the grave. They tried to revive him, and after several strong efforts they succeeded. When he came to, he was upset. “What have you done to me?” he cried. “If you had let me lie here a few minutes longer, I would have gone straight into Gan Eden together with the Rebbe.”
A Guest for Tea
A story is told in the name of the Shinover Rav. The Maor VaShemesh, a talmid of Rav Elimelech, once asked to serve his Rebbe so that he could learn from him directly, and Rav Elimelech agreed and asked for a cup of tea. The talmid prepared it and carried it into the room.
There he saw the awesome figure of an old man sitting beside Rav Elimelech. He was overcome with fear and trembling, dropped the cup, spilled the tea and ran out. Later Rav Elimelech met his talmid and asked why he had not brought the tea. He explained that he had brought it, but the sight of the old man had frightened him so much that he spilled it.
“Woe to the child,” said Rav Elimelech, “who cannot look his own father in the face. That old man was none other than Avrohom Avinu.”
Teachings
Divine Restrictions and Garments
Hashem's essence is beyond what a human being can grasp. In His wisdom He restricted His Divinity so that a person could glimpse a tiny part of the splendor of His light, and He did so by taking on ten garments, the ten sefiros, through which His light reaches man. This tzimtzum (Divine restriction) makes it possible for a person to know Hashem, rising step by step as he sets aside one garment after another until he reaches attachment to the great light of the Ein Sof, the Infinite. Hashem created the physical world after thousands of such restrictions, placing man in it and rewarding him for breaking through these barriers with all his strength to draw near to Him. The greater the restriction, the greater the reward for the one who searches for the truth of Hashem until he removes the last barrier. This is the intent of the Mishnah in Pirkei Avos (5:1), which says that the world was created with ten utterances to give a good reward to the righteous who sustain it.
Maor VaShemesh, Bereishis, Lech Lecha (on Bereishis 17:1)
Rise Like a Lion in the Morning
Every Jewish man whose fear of Heaven touches his heart and who wants to serve Hashem should be fierce as a lion upon awakening. His deposit, his soul, has just been returned to him, so he should not indulge in sleep. He should rise and serve Hashem in holiness, whether by learning Torah or singing songs of praise, pouring out his words like water before Hashem. The Maor VaShemesh adds that this was the way of his Rebbe, Rav Elimelech: as soon as he woke from sleep, he would cry out, “Woe to you, you have wasted time with your sleeping.”
Maor VaShemesh, Devarim, Ki Seitzei (on Devarim 22:12); Ohel Elimelech 48; Eser Tzachtzochos 38
Seforim
- Maor VaShemesh: A Chassidic commentary on the weekly Torah portions with Kabbalistic insights, published by his son Rav Aharon Epstein.
Family & talmidim
Teachers: Rav Elimelech of Lizhensk, Rav Yechiel Michel of Zlotchov, The Chozeh of Lublin, Rav Menachem Mendel of Rymanov
Children: Rav Aharon Epstein of Cracow, who published Maor VaShemesh and succeeded him
Also on 1 Tammuz
All hilulos on 1 Tammuz ›Historical sources
- Avodas Levi
- MiPeninei Noam Elimelech
- Eser Tzachtzochos; Ohel Elimelech