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Lehavas David · Parshas Tetzaveh · Maamar א

Moshe's Missing Name: The Light of Self-Sacrifice

From the Torah ofRav Dovid Matisyohu Rabinowitzהרב דוד מתתיהו בן יחיאל יהושע רבינוביץProfile ›
Shemos 27:20
וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ שֶׁמֶן זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית לַמָּאוֹר לְהַעֲלֹת נֵר תָּמִיד
And you shall command Bnei Yisrael that they bring you pure olive oil, crushed, for the lighting, to kindle a lamp continually.
11“And you shall command Bnei Yisrael that they bring you pure olive oil, crushed, for the lighting …”2 The Baal HaTurim, R' Yaakov ben Asher, writes in his commentary on the Torah that Moshe Rabbeinu's name does not appear anywhere in this parshah because he said, “Erase me, please, from Your book which You have written.”3 The curse of a sage comes true even when it is conditional,4 and so it was here. But we must still ask: why did it come true in Parshas Tetzaveh in particular?
*וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ שֶׁמֶן זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית לַמָּאוֹר וְגוֹ׳ (כז, כ). בְּבַעַל הַטּוּרִים כָּתַב, שֶׁלָּכֵן לֹא הוּזְכַּר שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ בְּכָל הַסִּדְרָא, לְפִי שֶׁאָמַר ״מְחֵנִי נָא מִסִּפְרְךָ אֲשֶׁר כָּתָבְתָּ״ (לג, לב), וְקִלְלַת חָכָם אֲפִילּוּ עַל תְּנַאי הִיא בָּאָה (מכות יא, א), וְנִתְקַיֵּים בָּזֶה. וַעֲדַיִין יֵשׁ לְהָבִין, לָמָּה דַּוְוקָא בְּפָרָשַׁת תְּצַוֶּה נִתְקַיֵּים עִנְיָן זֶה.
  1. The sefer's note: There is another maamar on this verse at the end of the parshah, Tetzaveh–Zachor. ↩
  2. Shemos 27:20. ↩
  3. Baal HaTurim on Shemos 27:20; the verse is Shemos 32:32 (the sefer has 33:32). Moshe said this after the sin of the Golden Calf: “And now, if You will forgive their sin; and if not, erase me, please.” ↩
  4. Makkos 11a. ↩
In shortMoshe's name is missing from Tetzaveh because he said “Erase me from Your book”; but why this parshah in particular?
2We may explain this as follows. Chazal said: “Every mitzvah for which Israel gave itself up to death when the government decreed against it, such as the prohibition of idolatry and circumcision, is still held firmly in its hands. And every mitzvah for which Israel did not give itself up to death when the government decreed against it, such as tefillin, is still weak in its hands.”5 This shows clearly that whenever something holy is done with mesirus nefesh, the readiness to give one's life, it is granted permanence forever. But a person who does not reach the level of mesirus nefesh cannot fulfill it completely. Chazal do not mean that one must always give up one's life for the mitzvos. Rather, it is a sign: when we see that people are able to fulfill the mitzvos completely, that shows they did the mitzvah with mesirus nefesh.
וְאֶפְשָׁר לְפָרֵשׁ, דְּהִנֵּה אָמְרוּ חז״ל (שבת קל, א), כָּל מִצְוָה שֶׁמָּסְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַצְמָן עֲלֵיהֶם לְמִיתָה בִּשְׁעַת גְּזֵירַת הַמַּלְכוּת כְּגוֹן עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמִילָה, עֲדַיִין הִיא מוּחְזֶקֶת בְּיָדָם, וְכָל מִצְוָה שֶׁלֹּא מָסְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַצְמָן עָלֶיהָ לְמִיתָה בִּשְׁעַת גְּזֵירוֹת הַמַּלְכוּת כְּגוֹן תְּפִילִּין, עֲדַיִין הִיא מְרוּפָּה בְּיָדָם. וּמְבוֹאָר מִזֶּה דְּכָל דָּבָר שֶׁבִּקְדוּשָּׁה בְּאִם עוֹשִׂים אוֹתוֹ בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ אָז זוֹכִים שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לַדָּבָר קִיּוּם לְעוֹלָם, אֲבָל בְּאִם אֵין זוֹכִים לְמַדְרִיגַת מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, אֵין זוֹכִים לְקַיֵּים זֹאת בִּשְׁלֵימוּת. וְאֵין כַּוָּונַת חז״ל לוֹמַר שֶׁיֵּשׁ חִיּוּב לִמְסוֹר תָּמִיד אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ עַל הַמִּצְוֹות, אֶלָּא שֶׁזֶּהוּ סִימָן, שֶׁבְּאִם רוֹאִים שֶׁזּוֹכִים לְקַיֵּים הַמִּצְוֹת בִּשְׁלֵימוּת, אֲזַי זֶהוּ סִימָן שֶׁעָשׂוּ אֶת הַמִּצְוָה בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ.
  1. Shabbos 130a. ↩
In shortOnly what is done with mesirus nefesh stays firm in Israel's hands and lasts; complete fulfillment of a mitzvah is the sign of it.
3aThis is what the Yalkut Shimoni, a classic collection of Midrash, says:6 “‘And you shall command Bnei Yisrael.’ ‘Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved; behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are doves.’7 See how the Holy One, blessed be He, praises Knesses Yisrael: You are beautiful in your deeds … You are beautiful in the house, with ‘on the doorposts of your house.’ You are beautiful in the field, with terumah and maaser, with the gleanings, the forgotten sheaves and the corner of the field. You are beautiful on the roof, with ‘you shall make a parapet for your roof.’ You are beautiful in this world, and you are beautiful in the World to Come. ‘Your eyes are doves’ … This dove … stretches out its neck. So too, none gives his life for the Holy One but Israel, as it says, ‘For Your sake we are killed all the day …’ Just as the dove brought light to the world, so you, who are compared to a dove, bring olive oil and light it before Me, as it says, ‘And you shall command …’”8
וְזֶהוּ דְּאִיתָא בְּיַלְקוּט (ילקוט שמעוני שעה, ומקורו בשיר השירים רבה פ״א, ובמדרש תנחומא כאן), ״וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, ״הִנָּךְ יָפָה רַעְיָתִי הִנָּךְ יָפָה עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים״, רְאֵה מַה הקב״ה מְקַלֵּס כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בְּמַעֲשַׂיִךְ וְכוּ׳, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בַּבַּיִת ״עַל מְזוּזוֹת בֵּיתֶךָ״, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בַּשָּׂדֶה בִּתְרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת בְּלֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בַּגַּג ״וְעָשִׂיתָ מַעֲקֶה לְגַגֶּךָ״, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה הִנָּךְ יָפָה לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. ׳עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים׳ וְכוּ׳, הַיּוֹנָה הַזֹּאת וְכוּ׳ פּוֹשֶׁטֶת אֶת צַוָּארָהּ, כָּךְ אֵין נוֹתֵן נַפְשׁוֹ עַל הקב״ה אֶלָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מד, כג) ״כִּי עָלֶיךָ הוֹרַגְנוּ כָל הַיּוֹם״ וְכוּ׳, מָה הַיּוֹנָה הֵבִיאָה הָאוֹרָה לְעוֹלָם, אַף אַתֶּם שֶׁנִּמְשַׁלְתֶּם כְּיוֹנָה, הֵבִיאוּ שֶׁמֶן זַיִת וְהִדְלִיקוּ לְפָנַי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ׳וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה׳ וְגוֹ׳.
  1. Yalkut Shimoni §375; its source is in Shir HaShirim Rabbah, ch. 1, and in Midrash Tanchuma here. ↩
  2. Shir HaShirim 1:15. ↩
  3. Devarim 6:9; 22:8; Tehillim 44:23. The Midrash's point about the dove: when it is slaughtered it does not struggle but stretches out its neck. The dove brought Noach an olive leaf (Bereishis 8:11), and olive oil gives light. ↩
3bThe Midrash is teaching us when Israel is “beautiful” in the mitzvos: when “your eyes are doves,” like the dove that stretches out its neck, that is, when we give ourselves over for the mitzvos. Moshe Rabbeinu, too, showed mesirus nefesh when he said, “Erase me, please.” We learn about mesirus nefesh from Parshas Tetzaveh, through the absence of Moshe Rabbeinu's name, which is missing because he said “Erase me, please.” That is why the Midrash brings its teaching about the dove precisely here, on Parshas Tetzaveh: to tell us that Israel walks in the way of mesirus nefesh, just as Moshe Rabbeinu did. Moshe's mesirus nefesh is hinted at in this parshah in particular because the parshah opens with the mitzvah to bring pure olive oil for the lighting. Oil brings light to the world only when the olive is struck, beaten and thoroughly crushed, as the Midrash explains.9 In the same way, Moshe Rabbeinu and Bnei Yisrael have the power to set themselves aside before the Creator with mesirus nefesh, and that is what makes their light shine.
וְכַוָּונַת הַמִּדְרָשׁ לְלַמְּדֵינוּ, אֵמָתַי זוֹכִים יִשְׂרָאֵל לִהְיוֹת בִּבְחִינַת יָפֶה בְּמִצְוֹת, כְּשֶׁעֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים, כְּיוֹנָה הַפּוֹשֶׁטֶת צַוָּארָהּ, דְּהַיְינוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָנוּ מוֹסְרִים נַפְשֵׁנוּ עַל הַמִּצְוֹת. וּכְמוֹ כֵּן הָיָה אֵצֶל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ עִנְיָן שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ מַה שֶׁאָמַר ״מְחֵנִי נָא״. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעִנְיַן מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ אָנוּ לְמֵדִים מִפָּרָשַׁת תְּצַוֶּה, מִמַּה שֶׁלֹּא נִזְכַּר שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ מֵחֲמַת שֶׁאָמַר ׳מְחֵנִי נָא׳, עַל כֵּן הִזְכִּירוּ דָּבָר זֶה בַּמִּדְרָשׁ דַּוְקָא כָּאן לְעִנְיַן פָּרָשַׁת תְּצַוֶּה, לוֹמַר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל הוֹלְכִים בְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ כְּמוֹ שֶׁנָּהַג מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ. וְהָא דְּדַוְוקָא בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ נִרְמַז מְסִירוּת נַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה, הוּא לְפִי שֶׁבְּרֵישׁ הַפָּרָשָׁה נֶאֶמְרָה מִצְוַות הֲבָאַת שֶׁמֶן זַיִת זָךְ לַמָּאוֹר, וְהַשֶּׁמֶן מֵבִיא אוֹרָה לְעוֹלָם דַּוְקָא עַל יְדֵי מַה שֶׁמַּכִּים הַזַּיִת וְחוֹבְטִים וְכוֹתְשִׁים אוֹתוֹ הֵיטֵב, וְכַמְּבוֹאָר בַּמִּדְרָשׁ (שמות רבה לו, א), וּכְמוֹ כֵּן מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֶת הַכֹּחַ לְבַטֵּל עַצְמָם בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ אֶל הַבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרֵךְ, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה מֵאִיר אוֹרָם.
  1. Shemos Rabbah 36:1. There Israel is compared to the olive, which yields its oil only when it is crushed. ↩
In shortIsrael is beautiful in the mitzvos through mesirus nefesh, like the dove; the crushed olive that opens Tetzaveh hints at Moshe's own mesirus nefesh.
4a[10The holy sefarim ask:11 Is this Moshe Rabbeinu's reward for giving himself over for Klal Yisrael, that his name is left out of the parshah? We may say that the answer lies in the teaching of Chazal we cited. Every mitzvah for which Israel gave itself up to death when the government decreed against it is still held firmly in its hands, while every mitzvah for which it did not give itself up at such a time is still weak in its hands. Chazal also said: “From where do we know that words of Torah last only in one who kills himself over them? As it says, ‘This is the Torah: a man who dies in a tent.’”12]
*[וְהִנֵּה בַּסְּפָרִים הַקְּדוֹשִׁים (עיין בשפתי צדיק בשם חידושי הרי״ם, דברי בינה) הִקְשׁוּ, וְכִי זֶהוּ שְׂכָרוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ ע״ה עַל מַה שֶׁמָּסַר נַפְשׁוֹ עַל כְּלַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁלֹּא יִזָּכֵר שְׁמוֹ בַּפָּרָשָׁה. וְאֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר, דְּהוּא עַל דֶּרֶךְ מַאֲמַר חז״ל הַנִּזְכָּר, דְּכָל מִצְוָה שֶׁמָּסְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַצְמָן עֲלֵיהֶם לְמִיתָה בִּשְׁעַת גְּזֵירַת הַמַּלְכוּת עֲדַיִין מוּחְזֶקֶת בְּיָדָם, וְכָל מִצְוָה שֶׁלֹּא מָסְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַצְמָן עָלֶיהָ לְמִיתָה בִּשְׁעַת גְּזֵירַת הַמַּלְכוּת עֲדַיִין הִיא מְרוּפָּה בְּיָדָם. וְעוֹד אָמְרוּ (ברכות סג, א), מִנַּיִן שֶׁאֵין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה מִתְקַיְּימִין אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁמֵּמִית עַצְמוֹ עָלֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״זֹאת הַתּוֹרָה אָדָם כִּי יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל״.
  1. The sefer's note: An addition from another place. ↩
  2. See Sifsei Tzaddik, in the name of the Chiddushei HaRim; Divrei Binah. ↩
  3. Berachos 63b (the sefer has 63a); Bamidbar 19:14. ↩
4b[In the same way, a leader of Israel must have the strength to give himself over for Bnei Yisrael. The holy Rebbe R' Menachem Mendel of Vorka, zt"l, explained Moshe's words “I can no longer go out and come in”:13 “to go out” means zich oisgein14 for Klal Yisrael. He explained “who will go out before them”15 the same way: er zol oisgein far zei, he should spend himself for them. Those are his holy words. This was the strength of Moshe, the Faithful Shepherd: precisely because he had mesirus nefesh for Israel as a middah, a character trait, and as a strength, he was worthy to be Israel's shepherd. We may now say that this is why Moshe's name is not mentioned in the parshah. It is a lesson for the leaders of Israel in every generation: every leader of Israel must walk in this way, ready and willing to give himself over for Bnei Yisrael.]
וּכְמוֹ כֵּן מַנְהִיג יִשְׂרָאֵל צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא לוֹ כֹּחַ שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ בַּעֲבוּר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכַאֲשֶׁר הִגִּיד הרה״ק רַבִּי מְנַחֵם מנדל מוארקא זצללה״ה בְּפֵירוּשׁ מַאֲמַר הַכָּתוּב (דברים לא, ב) ״לֹא אוּכַל עוֹד לָצֵאת וְלָבֹא״, ׳לָצֵאת׳ הַיְינוּ זיך אויס גיין בְּעַד כְּלַל יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּבְדֶרֶךְ זוֹ פֵּירֵשׁ מַאֲמַר הַכָּתוּב (במדבר כז, יז) ״אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא לִפְנֵיהֶם״, ער זאל אויס גיין פאר זיי, עכד״ק. וְזֶה הָיָה כּוֹחוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַעְיָא מְהֵימְנָא, שֶׁדַּוְוקָא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהָיְתָה בּוֹ מִדַּת וְכֹחַ מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ בַּעֲבוּר יִשְׂרָאֵל, זָכָה לִהְיוֹת רוֹעֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל. וּמֵעַתָּה יֵשׁ לוֹמַר, כִּי זֶהוּ הַטַּעַם שֶׁלֹּא נִזְכַּר שְׁמוֹ בַּפָּרָשָׁה, בְּתוֹרַת לִימּוּד לְדוֹרוֹת לְמַנְהִיגֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכָּל מַנְהִיג יִשְׂרָאֵל עָלָיו לֵילֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ זוֹ, לִהְיוֹת מוּכָן וּמְזוּמָּן לִמְסוֹר נַפְשׁוֹ בַּעֲבוּר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל].
  1. Devarim 31:2. ↩
  2. Yiddish, literally “to go out of oneself”: to spend oneself completely. ↩
  3. Bamidbar 27:17, Moshe's request that Hashem appoint a leader after him. ↩
In shortAn added passage explains Moshe's missing name as a lesson to every leader: spend yourself for your people, as R' Menachem Mendel of Vorka taught.
5May Hashem help us to be privileged to serve Him with mesirus nefesh. Amen, may it be His will.
יַעֲזוֹר ה׳ יִתְבָּרֵךְ שֶׁנִּזְכֶּה לְעָבְדוֹ מִתּוֹךְ מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, אָמֵן כֵּן יְהִי רָצוֹן.
In shortMay we be privileged to serve Hashem with mesirus nefesh.
Takeaway

What we do with mesirus nefesh, giving ourselves over to it, is what lasts; what is done without it stays weak in our hands. Like the olive that gives its light only when crushed, a Jew shines when he sets himself aside before Hashem. Moshe Rabbeinu, who was ready to have his own name erased for Klal Yisrael, shows every leader that he must spend himself for those in his care.

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English translation, notes and summaries © Zechusam.