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Lehavas David · Parshas Tetzaveh · Maamar ב

Self-Sacrifice: The Thread of Tetzaveh

From the Torah ofRav Dovid Matisyohu Rabinowitzהרב דוד מתתיהו בן יחיאל יהושע רבינוביץProfile ›
Shemos 28:35
וְהָיָה עַל־אַהֲרֹן לְשָׁרֵת וְנִשְׁמַע קוֹלוֹ בְּבֹאוֹ אֶל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ לִפְנֵי יְהֹוָה וּבְצֵאתוֹ וְלֹא יָמוּת
It shall be on Aharon when he ministers, and its sound shall be heard when he comes into the holy place before Hashem and when he goes out, so that he not die.
1“And its sound shall be heard when he comes into the holy place … and when he goes out, so that he not die.”1 The Baal HaTurim points out that the Masorah, the tradition that records how often words appear in Tanach, lists three verses with the word venishma: “We will do and we will hear (venishma)”; “And the king's decree shall be heard (venishma)”; and “And its sound shall be heard (venishma) when he comes into the holy place.”2 What do these verses have to do with one another?
וְנִשְׁמַע קוֹלוֹ בְּבוֹאוֹ אֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ וְגוֹ׳ וּבְצֵאתוֹ וְלֹא יָמוּת (כח, לה). אִיתָא בְּבַעַל הַטּוּרִים ג׳ בַּמָּסוֹרָה, ״נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע״ (כד, ז), ״וְנִשְׁמַע פִּתְגָם הַמֶּלֶךְ״ (אסתר א, כ), ״וְנִשְׁמַע קוֹלוֹ בְּבוֹאוֹ אֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ״, וְיֵשׁ לְהָבִין שַׁיָּיכוּת כְּתוּבִים אֵלּוּ לְהַדְּדִי.
  1. Shemos 28:35. The verse speaks of the bells on the hem of the Kohen Gadol's robe. ↩
  2. Baal HaTurim on Shemos 28:35; Shemos 24:7; Esther 1:20. ↩
In shortVenishma appears in three verses, at Sinai, in Megillas Esther and in our verse about the Kohen Gadol; what links them?
2The Midrash Tanchuma teaches:3 “‘And you shall command.’ This is what the verse says, ‘Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved; behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are doves.’ See how the Holy One, blessed be He, praises Israel in this verse: ‘Behold, you are beautiful’ in deeds; ‘behold, you are beautiful’ in the deeds of your fathers; ‘behold, you are beautiful’ in the house, and ‘behold, you are beautiful’ in the field. In the house, with the mezuzah; in the field, with terumah and maaser, with the gleanings, the forgotten sheaves and the corner of the field … ‘Your eyes are doves’: another explanation. All other birds struggle when they are slaughtered, but this dove stretches out its neck. So too, there is no nation in the world that is killed for the sanctification of His Name and gives itself over to be killed, except Israel, as it says, ‘For Your sake we are killed all the day …’”4 But what does Israel's mesirus nefesh, its readiness to give its life, have to do with the verse “And you shall command”? Why did the Midrash attach the theme of mesirus nefesh to this verse?
אִיתָא בְּמִדְרַשׁ תַּנְחוּמָא (תצוה ה), ״וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה״, זֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (שיר השירים א, טו) ״הִנָּךְ יָפָה רַעְיָתִי הִנָּךְ יָפָה עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים״, רְאֵה מָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְקַלֵּס לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּתוֹכוֹ, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בְּמַעֲשִׂים, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בְּמַעֲשֵׂי אֲבוֹתַיִךְ, הִנָּךְ יָפָה בַּבַּיִת, וְהִנָּךְ יָפָה בַּשָּׂדֶה, בַּבַּיִת בִּמְזוּזָה, בַּשָּׂדֶה בִּתְרוּמוֹת וּבְמַעַשְׂרוֹת בְּלֶקֶט בְּשִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה, וְכוּ׳. ׳עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים׳, דָּבָר אַחֵר, מַה יוֹנָה זוֹ כָּל הָעוֹפוֹת כְּשֶׁהֵן נִשְׁחָטִין הֵן מְפַרְכְּסִין, אֲבָל הַיּוֹנָה הַזּוֹ פּוֹשֶׁטֶת צַוָּארָהּ, כָּךְ אֵין אוּמָּה בָּעוֹלָם נֶהֱרֶגֶת עַל קְדוּשַּׁת שְׁמוֹ וּמוֹסֶרֶת עַצְמָהּ לַהֲרִיגָה אֶלָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מד, כג) ״כִּי עָלֶיךָ הוֹרַגְנוּ כָל הַיּוֹם״ וְגוֹ׳. וְצָרִיךְ לְהָבִין מָה שַׁיָּיךְ עִנְיַן מְסִירוּת נַפְשָׁם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, לַכָּתוּב זֶה שֶׁל ״וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה״, שֶׁהֵבִיא בַּעַל הַמִּדְרָשׁ עִנְיַן הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ עַל כָּתוּב זֶה.
  1. Midrash Tanchuma, Tetzaveh 5; Shemos 27:20; Shir HaShirim 1:15. ↩
  2. Tehillim 44:23. ↩
In shortThe Midrash praises Israel as a dove that gives its life for Hashem's Name; but what has mesirus nefesh to do with “And you shall command”?
3aWe may say that all three verses listed in the Masorah are connected with Israel's mesirus nefesh. In “We will do and we will hear,” Bnei Yisrael revealed their trait of mesirus nefesh, as Chazal said: “When Israel put ‘we will do’ before ‘we will hear,’ a heavenly voice went forth and said: Who revealed to My children this secret, which the ministering angels use? As it is written, ‘Bless Hashem, His angels, mighty in strength, who do His word, to hear the voice of His word’: first ‘who do,’ and then ‘to hear.’”5 The holy sefarim, such as the Maharal and the Ohr HaMeir, explain why the angels are called “mighty in strength” here, and what might has to do with Israel's putting “we will do” before “we will hear.”6 Their explanation is that Bnei Yisrael overpowered their bodies. They took it upon themselves to do Hashem's will without first looking into the reasons for the mitzvos, simply to carry out whatever His will decrees. And this is a form of mesirus nefesh.
וְאֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר, דְּהִנֵּה שְׁלוֹשֶׁת מִקְרָאוֹת הַנִּזְכָּרִים בַּמָּסוֹרָה יֵשׁ לָהֶם שַׁיָּיכוּת עִם עִנְיַן מְסִירוּת נַפְשָׁם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּהִנֵּה לְעִנְיַן נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמַע, מָצָאנוּ שֶׁגִּילּוּ בָּזֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת מִידַּת מְסִירוּת נַפְשָׁם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חז״ל (שבת פח, א) בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל נַעֲשֶׂה לְנִשְׁמָע יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה מִי גִּילָּה לְבָנַי רָז זֶה שֶׁמַּלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בּוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (תהלים קג, כ) ״בָּרְכוּ ה׳ מַלְאָכָיו גִּיבּוֹרֵי כֹחַ עוֹשֵׂי דְבָרוֹ לִשְׁמוֹעַ בְּקוֹל דְּבָרוֹ״, בְּרֵישָׁא ׳עוֹשֵׂי׳ וַהֲדַר ׳לִשְׁמוֹעַ׳. וְאִיתָא בַּסְּפָרִים הַקְּדוֹשִׁים (עיין מהר״ל תפארת ישראל פכ״ט, אור המאיר שבועות) לְבָאֵר מַהוּ לְשׁוֹן ׳גִּיבּוֹרֵי כֹּחַ׳ הַנִּזְכָּר כָּאן, וּמַה שַׁיָּיךְ עִנְיַן גְּבוּרָה בַּמֶּה שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל נַעֲשֶׂה לְנִשְׁמָע, וּבֵיאֲרוּ שֶׁהוּא מִצַּד שֶׁהִתְגַּבְּרוּ עַל גּוּפָם לְקַבֵּל עַל עַצְמָם לַעֲשׂוֹת רְצוֹן ה׳ בְּלֹא לַחְקוֹר לְהָבִין טַעֲמֵי הַמִּצְוֹות, אֶלָּא לְקַיֵּים אֶת אֲשֶׁר יִגְזוֹר רְצוֹנוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ שְׁמוֹ, וְזֶהוּ בְּחִינַת מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ.
  1. Shabbos 88a; Tehillim 103:20. ↩
  2. See Maharal, Tiferes Yisrael, ch. 29; Ohr HaMeir, Shavuos. ↩
3bLet us look more closely at the mesirus nefesh that lay in saying “We will do and we will hear.” With these words Bnei Yisrael took upon themselves to keep and fulfill the whole Torah in every generation. They knew there would be generations of persecution, when it would be decreed that any Jew who kept the mitzvos of the Torah would be taken out and killed. Even so, they took it upon themselves to keep the Torah in every place and in whatever situation might come, and that is mesirus nefesh in the fullest sense. Chazal also tell us that at every single utterance that went forth from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, the souls of Israel left their bodies,7 and there is no greater mesirus nefesh than that.
וּבְיֶתֶר בֵּיאוּר יֵשׁ לְבָאֵר מַה הִיא הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ שֶׁהָיְתָה בַּאֲמִירַת נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע, דְּהִנֵּה בַּאֲמִירַת ׳נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע׳ קִבְּלוּ עַל עַצְמָם לִשְׁמוֹר וּלְקַיֵּים אֶת הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ בְּכָל הַדּוֹרוֹת, אַף שֶׁיָּדְעוּ שֶׁיִּהְיוּ דּוֹרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁמָד, שֶׁבָּהֶם יִגְזְרוּ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאִם יְקַיְּימוּ אֶת מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה יוֹצִיאוּם לַהֲרִיגָה, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן קִבְּלוּ עַל עַצְמָם שֶׁבְּכָל מָקוֹם וּבְכָל מַצָּב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה יְקַיְּימוּ אֶת הַתּוֹרָה, וְזֶהוּ מַמָּשׁ מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ. עוֹד מָצִינוּ שחז״ל אָמְרוּ (שבת פח, ב) שֶׁעַל כָּל דִּיבּוּר וְדִיבּוּר שֶׁיָּצָא מִפִּי הקב״ה יָצְאָה נִשְׁמָתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵין לְךָ מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ גְּדוֹלָה מִזֶּה.
  1. Shabbos 88b. ↩
3c[8We know that at the giving of the Torah, all the souls of Israel that would ever come into being, until the end of all generations, also gathered at Mount Sinai. So the power of mesirus nefesh that Bnei Yisrael revealed there, by putting “we will do” before “we will hear,” carries on into all the generations; with those words they declared that they wished to do the mitzvos of the Torah with mesirus nefesh. This power still remains with Israel and is planted in the heart of every Jew. We see it in how the Jewish people, generation after generation, have given their lives to keep the mitzvos, through all the ages down to our own day.]
*[וְהִנֵּה יָדוּעַ שֶׁבְּעֵת קַבָּלַת הַתּוֹרָה נִתְקַבְּצוּ וּבָאוּ לְהַר סִינַי גַּם כָּל נִשְׁמוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הָעֲתִידִין לִהְיוֹת עַד סוֹף כָּל הַדּוֹרוֹת, וּמִמֵּילָא אוֹתוֹ כֹּחַ הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ שֶׁגִּילּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאוֹתוֹ מַעֲמָד בַּמֶּה שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע, שֶׁהִכְרִיזוּ שֶׁרְצוֹנָם לֵילֵךְ בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ בַּעֲשִׂיַּית מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה כָּאָמוּר, נִמְשָׁךְ לְכָל הַדּוֹרוֹת, וְכֹחַ הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ הַזֶּה עוֹדֶנּוּ עוֹמֵד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְנָטוּעַ בְּלֵב כָּל אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁאָנוּ רוֹאִים שֶׁעַם יִשְׂרָאֵל מִדּוֹרֵי דּוֹרוֹת מוֹסְרִים אֶת נַפְשָׁם עֲבוּר קִיּוּם הַמִּצְוֹת, בְּמֶשֶׁךְ כָּל הַזְּמַנִּים עַד יָמֵינוּ].
  1. The sefer's note: An addition from students' writings. ↩
In shortIn “We will do and we will hear,” Bnei Yisrael accepted the Torah knowing it might cost lives; that mesirus nefesh lives on in every generation.
4aThe verse “And the king's decree shall be heard” is connected with mesirus nefesh as well. [Chazal said: “‘And the king's decree shall be heard’: the King of the kings of kings, the Holy One, blessed be He, Who spoke with His wisdom and His understanding …”9 The Shelah, the Chida and the Ohr HaMeir explain that this hints at our commitment to keep the word Hashem spoke to us, to hear it and do it forever.10 And, as we will explain, this is what Mordechai was ready to give his life for: that the King's decree be heard throughout all the provinces of His kingdom, by his refusal to bow to Haman, because Hashem had commanded at Mount Sinai, “You shall have no other gods before Me.”11]
וְזֶהוּ גַּם שַׁיָּיכוּת הַכָּתוּב ׳וְנִשְׁמַע פִּתְגָם הַמֶּלֶךְ׳ [דְּאָמְרוּ חז״ל (אסתר רבה ד, י) ״וְנִשְׁמַע פִּתְגָם הַמֶּלֶךְ״, מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הקב״ה שֶׁאָמַר בְּחָכְמָתוֹ וּבִתְבוּנָתוֹ וְכוּ׳. וּפֵירְשׁוּ בַּסְּפָרִים הַקְּדוֹשִׁים (עיין בשל״ה מסכת יומא פרק דרך חיים, חיד״א בכסא דוד דרוש י׳, אור המאיר תצוה, ועיין עוד במנות הלוי על פסוק זה) שֶׁזֶּה מְרַמֵּז שֶׁקִּבַּלְנוּ עַל עַצְמֵנוּ לְקַיֵּים מַאֲמַר הקב״ה עָלֵינוּ שֶׁנִּשְׁמַע וְנַעֲשֶׂה עַד עוֹלָם, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁיְּבוֹאַר שֶׁבַּעֲבוּר זֶה מָסַר נַפְשׁוֹ מָרְדְּכַי עַל זֶה לִהְיוֹת נִשְׁמַע פִּתְגָם הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּכָל מְדִינוֹת מַלְכוּתוֹ שֶׁהוּא אֵינוֹ מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לְהָמָן, מִפְּנֵי אֲשֶׁר צִיוָּה ה׳ עַל הַר סִינַי לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים עַל פָּנָי].
  1. Esther Rabbah 4:10. ↩
  2. See Shelah, Maseches Yoma, Perek Derech Chaim; Chida, Kisei David, Derush 10; Ohr HaMeir, Tetzaveh; and see also Menos HaLevi on Esther 1:20. ↩
  3. Shemos 20:3. ↩
4bIn the Purim story there was indeed mesirus nefesh, as it is written, “But Mordechai would not kneel and would not bow.”12 Mordechai and his group declared openly, before everyone, that they would not kneel to Haman because they did not want, Heaven forbid, to transgress the prohibition of idolatry. Haman, we know, had made himself into an idol and hung an image over his heart.13 Their refusal repaired Israel's bowing to the image in the days of Nevuchadnetzar, which had made Israel liable to destruction.14 So they took it upon themselves, with mesirus nefesh, not to bow to Haman. We see, then, that the miracle of Purim also involved mesirus nefesh.
דְּהִנֵּה הָיָה שָׁם עִנְיָן שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכְּתִיב (אסתר ג, ב) ״וּמָרְדֳּכַי לֹא יִכְרַע וְלֹא יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה״, כִּי מָרְדְּכַי וַחֲבוּרָתוֹ אָמְרוּ בָּרַבִּים לִפְנֵי כֹּל, שֶׁמָּה שֶׁאֵינָם כּוֹרְעִים לְהָמָן הוּא לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָם רוֹצִים ח״ו לַעֲבוֹר עַל אִיסּוּר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, כַּנּוֹדָע שֶׁהָמָן עָשָׂה עַצְמוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְתָלָה צֶלֶם עַל לִיבּוֹ (מגילה י, ב, אסתר רבה ז, ה, פרקי דרבי אליעזר מט), וְזֶה הָיָה תִּיקּוּן לְמַה שֶׁהִשְׁתַּחֲוּו לַצֶּלֶם בִּימֵי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר שֶׁמֵּחֲמַת זֶה נִתְחַיְּיבוּ כְּלָיָה (מגילה יב, א), לָכֵן קִבְּלוּ עַל עַצְמָם בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ שֶׁלֹּא לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹות לְהָמָן. נִמְצָא שֶׁגַּם בְּנֵס פּוּרִים הָיָה עִנְיָן שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ.
  1. Esther 3:2. ↩
  2. Megillah 10b; Esther Rabbah 7:5; Pirkei deRabbi Eliezer 49. ↩
  3. Megillah 12a; the image is described in Daniel 3. ↩
In short“The king's decree shall be heard” hints at our commitment to Hashem's word, which Mordechai upheld with mesirus nefesh by refusing to bow to Haman.
5a[15R' Yitzchak Arama in his commentary, the Kedushas Levi and other sefarim say that Haman had no grounds for complaint against Mordechai for not kneeling before him.16 Mordechai was not included in the king's command to bow before Haman, because he was an honored man close to the government, one of those who sat in the king's gate, and they were not covered by that decree. But Mordechai the tzaddik proclaimed in public that he refrained from kneeling and bowing to Haman not because he was exempt, but because he was a Jew, and a Jew is warned not to worship idols. And he warned that every single Jew, like him, is forbidden to kneel before Haman.]
*[דְּהִנֵּה אִיתָא בַּסְּפָרִים הַקְּדוֹשִׁים (פירוש רבי יצחק עראמה, הובא במנות הלוי על פסוק זה, קדושת לוי לפורים, ועוד), דְּעַל מַה שֶׁלֹּא כָּרַע מָרְדְּכַי בִּפְנֵי הָמָן, לֹא הָיָה לְהָמָן פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה לָבֹא נֶגְדּוֹ בְּטַעֲנָה בְּשֶׁל כָּךְ, שֶׁכֵּן מָרְדְּכַי לֹא הָיָה נִכְלָל בְּצִיוּוּי הַמֶּלֶךְ לִכְרוֹעַ בִּפְנֵי הָמָן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמָּרְדְּכַי הָיָה נִכְבָּד וּמְקוֹרָב לַמַּלְכוּת וּמִיּוֹשְׁבֵי שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הֵם לֹא הָיוּ בִּכְלַל אוֹתָהּ גְּזֵירָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁמָּרְדְּכַי הַצַּדִּיק הִכְרִיז בִּפְנֵי רַבִּים וּפִרְסֵם בִּפְנֵיהֶם, שֶׁהַטַּעַם שֶׁנִּמְנַע מִלִּכְרוֹעַ וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹות לְהָמָן אֵינוֹ מֵחֲמַת שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחוּיָּב בָּזֶה, אֶלָּא מִטַּעַם הֱיוֹתוֹ יְהוּדִי הַמּוּזְהָר לְבִלְתִּי עֲבוֹד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְהִזְהִיר כִּי כָּמוֹהוּ כָּל יְהוּדִי וִיהוּדִי נֶאֶסְרָה עָלָיו הַכְּרִיעָה בְּפָנָיו.
  1. The sefer's note: An addition from students' writings. ↩
  2. R' Yitzchak Arama's commentary, cited in Menos HaLevi on Esther 3:2; Kedushas Levi, Purim. ↩
5b[This is why the verse says “would not kneel,” in the future tense, and not “did not kneel”: Mordechai proclaimed aloud that he would never kneel to Haman. We can surely assume that the whole of Mordechai's circle, who sheltered in his shade, stood with him in this, and that many others joined him and acted as he did. They too held fast to mesirus nefesh for the honor of Hashem's Name. In this way they saved Israel from the destruction it had incurred by bowing to the image, and brought about the miracle of Purim. All this shows that on Purim the middah, the character trait, of mesirus nefesh was revealed through Mordechai.]
וְזֶהוּ אוֹמְרוֹ ׳לֹא יִכְרַע׳ וְלֹא נֶאֱמַר ׳וְלֹא כָּרַע׳, אֶלָּא שֶׁהִכְרִיז בְּקוֹל שֶׁלְּעוֹלָם לֹא יִכְרַע לְהָמָן. וּבְוַדַּאי יֵשׁ לוֹמַר, שֶׁמִּן הַסְּתָם אַף כָּל בְּנֵי סִיעָתוֹ שֶׁל מָרְדְּכַי הַחוֹסִים בְּצִלּוֹ הָיוּ עִמּוֹ בְּדַרְכּוֹ זוֹ, וְכָמוֹהוּ הָיוּ עוֹד רַבִּים אֲשֶׁר נִצְטָרְפוּ אֵלָיו לִנְהוֹג כְּמִנְהָגוֹ זֶה, וְאַף הֵם הֶחֱזִיקוּ בְּמִידַּת הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ עַל דְּבַר כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, וּבְכָךְ הִצִּילוּ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַכְּלָיָה שֶׁנִּתְחַיְּיבוּ עֲבוּר שֶׁהִשְׁתַּחֲוּו לַצֶּלֶם, וְהֵבִיאוּ לְנֵס פּוּרִים. הַיּוֹצֵא מִכָּל הָאָמוּר, דִּבְפוּרִים נִתְגַּלָּה עַל יְדֵי מָרְדְּכַי מִידַּת מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ].
In shortThough exempt from bowing to Haman, Mordechai declared that as a Jew he never would; his open mesirus nefesh, joined by others, brought the Purim miracle.
6[17Besides this, we find on Purim another kind of mesirus nefesh, like the one at the giving of the Torah. On Purim, as is well known, Bnei Yisrael accepted the Torah a second time. Chazal said: “They accepted it anew in the days of Achashverosh, as it is written, ‘The Jews established and accepted’: they established what they had already accepted.” Rashi explains: out of love for the miracle that was done for them.18 And we know that accepting the Torah must be done with mesirus nefesh, a commitment to keep it in whatever situation may come, as we saw with “We will do and we will hear.” So on Purim too there was mesirus nefesh.]
*[וּמִלְּבַד זֶה מָצִינוּ בְּפוּרִים עִנְיָן נוֹסָף שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ מֵעֵין מַה שֶׁהָיָה בְּעֵת מַתַּן תּוֹרָה, שֶׁהֲלֹא נוֹדַע שֶׁבְּפוּרִים קִבְּלוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה שֵׁנִית, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חז״ל (שבת פח, א) הֲדוּר קַבְּלוּהָ בִּימֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, דִּכְתִיב (אסתר ט, כז) ״קִיְּימוּ וְקִבְּלוּ הַיְּהוּדִים״ קִיְּימוּ מַה שֶּׁקִּבְּלוּ כְּבָר, וּפֵירֵשׁ רש״י מֵאַהֲבַת הַנֵּס שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה לָהֶם. וְנוֹדַע שֶׁקַּבָּלַת הַתּוֹרָה צְרִיכָה לִהְיוֹת בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ לְקַיֵּים הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מַצָּב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל, נִמְצָא שֶׁגַּם בְּפוּרִים הָיָה עִנְיָן שֶׁל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ].
  1. The sefer's note: An addition from another place. ↩
  2. Shabbos 88a; Esther 9:27; Rashi there. ↩
In shortPurim renewed the acceptance of the Torah, and accepting the Torah means keeping it in every situation, so Purim too carried the mesirus nefesh of Sinai.
7aThe service of the Kohen Gadol on Yom Kippur likewise involved mesirus nefesh. He knew that if he did not act properly and stumbled, Heaven forbid, he would not be privileged to come out of the Holy of Holies alive. As Chazal tell us, the elders would adjure him: “We adjure you by the One Who made His Name dwell in this House that you change nothing of all that we have told you.”19 And we find in Chazal that many a Kohen Gadol did not come out of the Holy of Holies alive.20 That is why, when the Kohen Gadol came out of the Holy of Holies in peace, he would make a great feast for his friends.21
וְכֵן עֲבוֹדַת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים הָיָה בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, שֶׁכֵּן יָדַע הַכֹּהֵן שֶׁבְּאִם יִנְהַג שֶׁלֹּא כָּרָאוּי וְיִכָּשֵׁל ח״ו, לֹא יִזְכֶּה לָצֵאת חַי מִן הַקּוֹדֶשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חז״ל (יומא יח, ב) מַשְׁבִּיעִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ בְּמִי שֶׁשִּׁיכֵּן שְׁמוֹ בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה שֶׁלֹּא תְּשַׁנֶּה דָּבָר מִכָּל מַה שֶּׁאָמַרְנוּ לְךָ, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁמָּצִינוּ בחז״ל (יומא ט, א, ועיין עוד שם יט, ב) שֶׁהָיוּ כֹּהֲנִים רַבִּים אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָצְאוּ בַּחַיִּים מִן הַקּוֹדֶשׁ, וּמִטַּעַם זֶה כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיָה יוֹצֵא בְּשָׁלוֹם מִן הַקּוֹדֶשׁ הָיָה מְתַקֵּן סְעוּדָה גְּדוֹלָה לְאוֹהֲבָיו (יומא ע, א).
  1. Yoma 18b. ↩
  2. Yoma 9a; see also there, 19b. ↩
  3. Yoma 70a. ↩
7bSo the Kohen Gadol, who bore the atonement of the Jewish people, did all his service in the innermost sanctum at the risk of his life. Even so, he would enter the Holy of Holies and offer his life to atone for Israel's sins. It follows that the verse “And its sound shall be heard when he comes into the holy place,” which speaks of the Kohen Gadol's entry on Yom Kippur,22 is also about mesirus nefesh. This answers our first question. We can now see why the Masorah groups these three verses together: in all of them we find mesirus nefesh, as we have explained.
נִמְצָא שֶׁעֲבוֹדַת הַכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנָּשָׂא עַל עַצְמוֹ אֶת כַּפָּרַת עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכָל הָעֲבוֹדָה שֶׁנֶּעֶשְׂתָה לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים, הָיְתָה מִתּוֹךְ סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן הָיָה נִכְנָס אֶל קוֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים פְּנִימָה, וּמָסַר נַפְשׁוֹ לְשֵׁם כַּפָּרַת עֲוֹנֹתֵיהֶם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְנִמְצָא שֶׁהַכָּתוּב ׳וְנִשְׁמַע קוֹלוֹ בְּבוֹאוֹ אֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ׳ הַמְּדַבֵּר בִּכְנִיסַת כֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים (יעוין רשב״ם), מְדַבֵּר אַף הוּא בְּעִנְיַן מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ. וּמֵעַתָּה מְבוֹאָר מִשְׁפַּט הַמָּסוֹרָה שֶׁל שָׁלֹשׁ מִקְרָאוֹת הַלָּלוּ, שֶׁבְּכָל אֵלּוּ הַמִּקְרָאוֹת מָצִינוּ עִנְיַן הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר.
  1. See Rashbam there. ↩
In shortThe Kohen Gadol risked his life entering the Holy of Holies, so the third venishma verse also speaks of mesirus nefesh, the thread linking all three.
8In fact, the whole of Parshas Tetzaveh is bound up with mesirus nefesh. As is well known, the Baal HaTurim wrote that Moshe Rabbeinu's name is not mentioned in this parshah because he said, “Erase me, please, from Your book which You have written.”23 With these words Moshe Rabbeinu gave himself over for Klal Yisrael. [24What we have said here is a foundation of how a leader of Israel must lead. To be fit to lead Israel, a person must be a man of mesirus nefesh. We see this in Moshe Rabbeinu, who devoted himself to Israel with mesirus nefesh, offered himself up for the community, and gave up all he had for Israel's good. We see it too in Aharon HaKohen, a man of mesirus nefesh, as the verse says, “And its sound shall be heard when he comes into the holy place”: as a leader of Israel, he served his people with mesirus nefesh by entering the Holy of Holies, as we have seen. And so it is with every leader of Israel. He must act with mesirus nefesh for every single Jew, be anxious for their welfare, and give of his own for the sake of his community.]
וְהִנֵּה פָּרָשַׁת תְּצַוֶּה כּוּלָּהּ יֵשׁ בָּהּ שַׁיָּיכוּת לְעִנְיַן מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, כַּיָּדוּעַ מַה שֶׁכָּתַב בְּבַעַל הַטּוּרִים שֶׁלְּפִיכָךְ לֹא נִזְכַּר שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ ע״ה בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁאָמַר ״מְחֵנִי נָא מִסִּפְרְךָ אֲשֶׁר כָּתָבְתָּ״ (לב, לב), וּבְדִיבּוּרִים אֵלּוּ מָסַר מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ ע״ה נַפְשׁוֹ בְּעַד כְּלַל יִשְׂרָאֵל. *[וּדְבָרֵינוּ אֵלּוּ הֵם יְסוֹד בְּדַרְכֵי הַהַנְהָגָה שֶׁל מַנְהִיג יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁבִּכְדֵי לִהְיוֹת רָאוּי לְהַנְהָגַת יִשְׂרָאֵל צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת בַּעַל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, וְכִדְמָצִינוּ בְּמֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ שֶׁנָּהַג כְּלַפֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ וְהִקְרִיב עַצְמוֹ בַּעֲבוּר הַכְּלָל, וְהִפְקִיר אֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ לְטוֹבָתָם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכֵן מָצִינוּ בְּאַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן שֶׁהָיָה בַּעַל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, כְּמַאֲמַר הַכָּתוּב ״וְנִשְׁמַע קוֹלוֹ בְּבוֹאוֹ אֶל הַקּוֹדֶשׁ״, שֶׁבִּהְיוֹתוֹ מַנְהִיג יִשְׂרָאֵל נָהַג כְּלַפֵּיהֶם בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ בַּמֶּה שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְקוֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים כַּנִּזְכָּר וְכֵן הוּא בְּכָל מַנְהִיג יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ שֶׁיִּנְהַג בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ עֲבוּר כָּל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, וְלִהְיוֹת חָרֵד עַל טוֹבָתָם, וְשֶׁיַּקְרִיב מִשֶּׁל עַצְמוֹ לְמַעַן עֲדָתוֹ.].
  1. Baal HaTurim on Shemos 27:20; Shemos 32:32. Moshe said this after the sin of the Golden Calf. ↩
  2. The sefer's note: An addition from students' writings. ↩
In shortMoshe's missing name recalls his offer to be erased for Israel; like him and Aharon, every leader must give himself for each Jew.
9With this we can also explain our second question: what the Midrash we cited, about Israel stretching out its neck like a dove and giving itself to be killed for the sanctification of His Name, has to do with our parshah. The whole of this parshah is about the avodah of mesirus nefesh. That is why Moshe Rabbeinu's name is not mentioned in it, and why it also speaks of the Kohen Gadol entering the innermost sanctum with mesirus nefesh, as we explained.
וּבָזֶה יֵשׁ לְבָאֵר שַׁיָּיכוּת דִּבְרֵי הַמִּדְרָשׁ הַנִּזְכָּרִים לְעֵיל, שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל פּוֹשְׁטִים צַוָּארָם כְּיוֹנָה וּמוֹסְרִים עַצְמָם לַהֲרִיגָה עַל קְדוּשַּׁת שְׁמוֹ, עִם פָּרָשָׁתֵינוּ, מֵאַחַר וְעִנְיַן פָּרָשָׁה זוֹ כּוּלָּהּ שַׁיֶּיכֶת לַעֲבוֹדַת מְסִירוּת הַנֶּפֶשׁ, שֶׁלָּכֵן לֹא נִזְכַּר בּוֹ שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ ע״ה, וְכֵן נִזְכַּר בָּהּ עִנְיַן כְּנִיסַת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, כַּמְּבוֹאָר.
In shortThe Midrash ties the dove to “And you shall command” because all of Tetzaveh, from Moshe's missing name to the Kohen Gadol, concerns mesirus nefesh.
10May the Holy One, blessed be He, help us to serve Him with mesirus nefesh, and to keep and learn the Torah and the mitzvos in this way, and so bring the redemption near. Amen, may it be His will.
יַעֲזוֹר הקב״ה שֶׁנּוּכַל לַעֲבוֹד אֶת הקב״ה בִּמְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, וּלְקַיֵּים וְלִלְמוֹד בְּאוֹפֶן זֶה הַתּוֹרָה וְהַמִּצְוֹות, וּבָזֶה נְקָרֵב קֵץ הַגְּאוּלָּה, אָמֵן כֵּן יְהִי רָצוֹן.
In shortThe Rebbe prays that we serve Hashem and keep and learn the Torah with mesirus nefesh, and so bring the redemption near.
11a[25The mesirus nefesh asked of us is not the exalted level of it that earlier generations reached, for we are neither worthy of that nor capable of it. The mesirus nefesh that applies to us is on our own level. At the very least we should be a little like the “masters of reckoning,”26 and make some reckoning of our souls. For example, when we overcome ourselves and take care not to engage in idle talk in the beis midrash, this too counts as mesirus nefesh. Take any Jew, or any one of the young men, standing in prayer before the Creator of the world while his desire to chat in the beis midrash burns within him. If he masters and breaks that desire and holds himself back from saying what he wants to say, for him that is mesirus nefesh.]
*[וְהִנֵּה עֲבוֹדַת הַמְּסִירוֹת נֶפֶשׁ הַנִּדְרֶשֶׁת מֵאִתָּנוּ, אֵינֶנָּה מַדְרֵגַת מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ נַעֲלֵית כְּדַרְכָּם שֶׁל דּוֹרוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, שֶׁכֵּן אָנוּ אֵינֶנּוּ רְאוּיִים וְאֵינֶנּוּ מְסוּגָּלִים לְכָךְ, אֶלָּא עֲבוֹדַת מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ הָאֲמוּרָה לְגַבֵּינוּ הוּא כְּפִי עֶרְכֵּינוּ, שֶׁעַל כָּל פָּנִים נִהְיֶה מְעַט מִמָּארֵי דְּחוּשְׁבָּנָא, לַעֲרוֹךְ קְצָת חֶשְׁבּוֹן הַנֶּפֶשׁ. וְכֵן כְּגוֹן כַּאֲשֶׁר נִתְגַּבֵּר וְנִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא לְדַבֵּר שִׂיחַת חוּלִּין בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, אַף זֶה בִּכְלַל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ הוּא, שֶׁכָּל אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ כָּל אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַנְּעוּרִים, בְּעֵת שֶׁעוֹמֵד בִּתְפִלָּה לִפְנֵי בּוֹרֵא עוֹלָם וְתַאֲוָותוֹ בּוֹעֶרֶת בְּקִרְבּוֹ לָשׂוּחַ שִׂיחַת חוּלִּין בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, וְהוּא כּוֹבֵשׁ וְשׁוֹבֵר אֶת תַּאֲוָתוֹ זֹאת, וּמוֹנֵעַ עַצְמוֹ מִלְּדַבֵּר אֶת אֲשֶׁר בִּרְצוֹנוֹ, הֲרֵי קָרוּי זֹאת מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ לְגַבָּיו.
  1. The sefer's note: An addition from students' writings. ↩
  2. Aramaic marei dechushbena: those who weigh the loss a mitzvah costs against its reward, and the gain of a sin against its loss (Bava Basra 78b). ↩
11b[We are now at the end of Shovavim Tat,27 a time especially suited to repairing blemishes of the covenant. As is well known, the covenant of the flesh corresponds to the covenant of the tongue.28 So we should repair ourselves by guarding our speech and by being among the “masters of reckoning,” and this is the right time to take upon ourselves to be careful about idle talk in the beis midrash. Likewise, each person should strengthen himself and work on whatever he recognizes in himself that he must change. For whenever he turns away from the pull of his desire, that counts as mesirus nefesh. And through this we will bring the redemption near, speedily in our days. Amen.]
וְכַאֲשֶׁר עַתָּה הוּא סִיּוּם תְּקוּפַת השובבי״ם ת״ת, שֶׁהוּא עֵת הַמְּסוּגָּל לְתִיקּוּן הַבְּרִית, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁבְּרִית הַמְּעֻוָּר מְכֻוָּון נֶגֶד בְּרִית הַלָּשׁוֹן, עַל כֵּן יֵשׁ לָנוּ לְתַקֵּן עַצְמֵנוּ בְּעִנְיַן שְׁמִירַת הַדִּיבּוּר וְלִהְיוֹת מִמָּארֵי דְּחוּשְׁבָּנָא, וְזוֹ הָעֵת הָרְאוּיָה שֶׁנְּקַבֵּל עַל עַצְמֵנוּ לְהִזָּהֵר מִשִּׂיחַת חוּלִּין בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. וְכֵן כָּל אֶחָד יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהִתְגַּבֵּר וְלַעֲבוֹד עַל עַצְמוֹ כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר מַכִּיר בְּעַצְמוֹ מַה שֶׁעָלָיו לְשַׁנּוֹת, כִּי בְּכָל מַה שֶׁנּוֹטֶה אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִנְּטִיַּית תַּאֲוָותוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בִּכְלַל מְסִירוּת נֶפֶשׁ, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה נְקָרֵב אֶת קֵץ הַגְּאוּלָּה בִּמְהֵרָה בְּיָמֵינוּ, אָמֵן].
  1. Shovavim is the name for the weeks of the Torah readings from Shemos through Mishpatim. In a leap year Terumah and Tetzaveh are added (Tat). It is a season traditionally devoted to teshuvah for blemishes of the covenant. ↩
  2. See Sefer Yetzirah 1:3. ↩
In shortAn added passage teaches that our mesirus nefesh is on our own level, such as honest self-reckoning and holding back idle talk in the beis midrash.
Takeaway

All three venishma verses, at Sinai, with Mordechai and with the Kohen Gadol, point to the same thing: a Jew's readiness to give himself over to Hashem's will in every situation, a strength planted in every Jewish soul at Sinai. For us, mesirus nefesh is on our own level: an honest reckoning of the soul, and the quiet victory of holding back a word of idle talk in the beis midrash or turning away from a desire we know we must change.

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English translation, notes and summaries © Zechusam.